{"data":{"library_item":[{"blocks":{"time":1665596464612,"blocks":[{"id":"W5yxpzIEgS","data":{"text":"Summary","level":2},"type":"header"},{"id":"DOpeA_9XwJ","data":{"text":"The emergence in 1947 of the Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union also heralded in the first wave of UAP sightings in America. Claims of strange lights and flying objects were so numerously reported that in 1948 Air Force General Nathan Twining, head of the Air Technical Service Command, established Project SIGN to collect, evaluate and distribute information relating to these sightings, and distribute within the government."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"CJvX_u57dI","data":{"url":"https://static.enigmalabs.io/library/fb960871-c58f-4a61-b972-da884aee4da7/58605765-5866-42db-8106-48d22fc45bc9.jpeg","caption":"Cover page of Project Sign final report.","stretched":false,"withBorder":false,"withBackground":false},"type":"SimpleImage"},{"id":"--ZH3vRZIb","data":{"text":"UAP hysteria","level":2},"type":"header"},{"id":"5WzNjaB-LG","data":{"text":"In 1947, amateur pilot Kenneth Arnold was flying over Washington’s Cascades mountain range when he saw a “tremendously bright flash.” Then, another nine flashes in rapid succession appeared. Arnold described their strange manner of flight as \"like speed boats on rough water.\" News of Arnold’s sighting spread quickly, and the press latched on to Arnold's description, leading to the birth of the phrase \"flying saucer.\"¹"},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"ia73Nu2LvZ","data":{"text":"Arnold’s report is often credited as sparking a wave of UAP sightings over the following few months. However, according to the Project Blue Book files, the busiest month for sightings in 1947 was June.² Across the country, people were convinced they had seen UAPs."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"qLUdbtDiiF","data":{"text":"On July 9, the Army Air Force began a low key investigation into Arnold’s sightings and the subsequent witness reports that followed. Although they released a formal conclusion to the public that the UAPs were simply a mirage, behind closed doors they concluded that the reports were not imaginary, and could not be explained by natural phenomena."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"FqGhdj9X2a","data":{"text":"This led to the creation of Project SIGN – which was initially named Project SAUCER³ – in 1948."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"5pSYZ2XMDN","data":{"text":"Lieutenant Twining","level":2},"type":"header"},{"id":"rFXmUxbW6D","data":{"text":"Air Force Lieutenant General Nathan Farragut Twining, director of the Air Materiel Command (AMC), a department handling logistics for the US Air Force, led the project. The previous year, Lieutenant Twining had signed a letter which concluded that “flying discs” were “something real and not visionary or fictitious”. The letter had been written in response to an investigation into reports of UAPs, and had been led by Lieutenant George Garrett. Garrett was a commanding officer in the marines – although the investigation had originally been commissioned by Air Force Brigadier General George Schulgen, who worked in the Office of the Chief of the Army Air Force and wanted to get to the bottom of the numerous UAP reports."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"bdjnow8uCr","data":{"text":"Lt Garrett collected a number of UAP reports from across the US and organized them into a document. At the end of the briefing, the pair theorized that there were patterns in the various sightings that suggested the incidents were in fact real aircraft. In addition, they questioned whether the UAPs were secret technology invented by the US itself."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"gV_1YirYVn","data":{"text":"This document, including its theories, was handed up the chain to Lt Garrett’s superior, Chief Collection Branch Colonel Robert Taylor III, who in his role as director of air intelligence, worked closely with the CIA. Col Taylor signed off on Lt Garrett’s inquiry and findings, then passed it to his superiors, where it came into the hands of Lieutenant Twining.&nbsp;"},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"Y7Fsc_iG0m","data":{"text":"On September 23 of 1947 Ltg Twining signed a letter titled AMC Opinion Concerning ‘Flying Discs’, which provided the AMC’s official response to Lt Garrett’s research. The letter was addressed to Commanding General, Army Air Forces, and made to the attention of the man who kickstarted the inquiry: Brigadier General George Schulgen."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"cFyH5PV6Nw","data":{"text":"The letter read, in part:"},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"uePfqmIlNr","data":{"text":"a. The phenomenon is something real and not visionary or fictitious."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"w3f77i2JKb","data":{"text":"b. There are objects probably approximating the shape of a disc, of such appreciable size as to appear to be as large as man-made aircraft."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"3pRQkHZRvZ","data":{"text":"c. There is a possibility that some of the incidents may be caused by natural phenomena, such as meteors."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"CluXaVny5z","data":{"text":"d. The reported operating characteristics such as extreme rates of climb, maneuverability (particularly in roll), and motion which must be considered evasive when sighted or contacted by friendly aircraft and radar, lend belief to the possibility that some of the objects are controlled either manually, automatically or remotely.⁴"},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"BPt4COb9Gw","data":{"text":"There has been speculation as to whether Lt Twining had thoroughly read the investigation on the UAP sightings and reports. The Skeptical Inquirer points out: “The language is very much like Garrett’s original inquiry letter, suggesting Twining and his team simply cut and pasted the sections showing agreement.”⁵"},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"APodvsajYJ","data":{"text":"The AMC included a recommendation in its official response, urging a “detailed study of this matter to include the preparation of complete sets of all available and pertinent data”, and so Project SIGN was born."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"6vbO7BDorm","data":{"url":"https://static.enigmalabs.io/library/fb960871-c58f-4a61-b972-da884aee4da7/69e47ccf-886f-481c-a5da-6d64f04f73d6.png","caption":"Section of Twining Memo","stretched":false,"withBorder":false,"withBackground":false},"type":"SimpleImage"},{"id":"iLUTWDGA3j","data":{"text":"Project SIGN","level":2},"type":"header"},{"id":"WJWiboXf_q","data":{"text":"The Air Technical Intelligence Center (ATIC) of the Air Material Command (AMC) at Wright Field (later Wright-Patterson Air Force Base) in Dayton, Ohio, assumed control of Project SIGN and began its work on 23 January 1948.⁶ It was given a 2A priority, 1A being the highest an Air Force project could have, and only top officials at ATIC were assigned to the project."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"JOHRn1mKYC","data":{"text":"The project’s team evaluated 250 reported UFO sightings.⁷ But the results were inconclusive. The February 1949 report: “No definite and conclusive evidence is yet available that would prove or disprove the existence of these unidentified objects as real aircraft of unknown and unconventional configuration.”⁸"},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"cNmkIOq_Zz","data":{"text":"On April 27, 1949, the U.S. Air Force released a paper to the public that had been prepared by the Intelligence Division of the Air Materiel Command at Wright-Patterson Field, Ohio.⁹ The paper stated while some UFOs appeared to represent actual aircraft, there was not enough data to determine their origin. Almost all cases were explained away by ordinary causes. However, the report did recommend a continuation of the investigation of all sightings."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"0TALkcm-qQ","data":{"text":"According to Edward J Ruppelt, former head of Project Blue Book –&nbsp;a later iteration of Project SIGN – every intelligence report dealing with the Germans' World War II aeronautical research had been studied to find out if the Russians could have developed any of the late German designs into UAPs.¹⁰"},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"-ONE7OsMLF","data":{"text":"Aerodynamicists at ATIC and at Wright Field's Aircraft Laboratory computed the maximum performance that the German designs could reach, even contacting the designers of the aircraft themselves. The laboratory concluded there was no conceivable way any aircraft could perform in a way that would match the reported maneuvers of the UFOs."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"WKmW46Hwdb","data":{"text":"Even if the aircraft could be built, the human body couldn't stand the violent maneuvers and high speeds that had been reported."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"8pB3jqoCNI","data":{"text":"Project Sign was first brought to the public’s attention by retired Air Force captain Ruppelt, in his 1956 book ‘The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects’. He detailed that the project had produced a document titled “Estimate of the Situation”, which endorsed an explanation that there was evidence for UAPs being interplanetary. According to Ruppelt, Project SIGN was then shut down by General Hoyt Vanderburg, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, for lack of proof. ¹¹"},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"eSLhS-TO6H","data":{"text":"CONCLUSION","level":2},"type":"header"},{"id":"sGchdCN6X1","data":{"text":"Following the closure of Project SIGN, Project Grudge was swiftly launched, after officials concluded that UAP reports could be exploited by a foreign power –&nbsp;for example, Russia – to induce panic in the population, and so the reports were therefore an issue of national security. Regardless of the findings of Project SIGN, it was the first time the US government had taken “flying saucers” seriously, and so it remains an important milestone in the UAP history books."},"type":"paragraph"},{"id":"q0B_-mqL2N","data":{},"type":"delimiter"},{"id":"QuzCBfrAYf","data":{"items":["<b><a href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/the-man-who-introduced-the-world-to-flying-saucers/372732/\">https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/the-man-who-introduced-the-world-to-flying-saucers/372732/</a>&nbsp;</b>","<b><b><a href=\"https://www.fold3.com/publication/461/project-blue-book-ufo-investigations/browse\">https://www.fold3.com/publication/461/project-blue-book-ufo-investigations/browse</a></b></b>","<b><b><a href=\"https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA525986.pdf\">https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA525986.pdf</a></b></b>","<b><b><a href=\"https://www.project1947.com/shg/condon/appndx-r.html\">https://www.project1947.com/shg/condon/appndx-r.html</a>;&nbsp;</b></b><b><a href=\"https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/ntis/CondonReport-Complete.pdf\">https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/ntis/CondonReport-Complete.pdf</a></b>","<b>&nbsp;</b><b><a href=\"https://skepticalinquirer.org/2020/03/general-nathan-f-twining-and-the-flying-disc-problem-of-1947/\">https://skepticalinquirer.org/2020/03/general-nathan-f-twining-and-the-flying-disc-problem-of-1947/</a></b>","<b><a href=\"https://sgp.fas.org/library/ciaufo.html\">https://sgp.fas.org/library/ciaufo.html</a>&nbsp;</b><br>","<b><b><a href=\"http://www.nicap.org/articles/ShalettsArticle1.pdf\">http://www.nicap.org/articles/ShalettsArticle1.pdf</a>&nbsp;</b><br></b>","<b><b><b><a href=\"https://www.archives.gov/news/articles/project-blue-book-50th-anniversary\">https://www.archives.gov/news/articles/project-blue-book-50th-anniversary</a></b><br></b></b>","<b><b><b><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Sign#cite_note-:1-2\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Sign#cite_note-:1-2</a>&nbsp;</b><br></b></b>","<b><b><b><b><a href=\"https://ia801304.us.archive.org/22/items/FritjofCapraTheTurningPoint/Edward%20J%20Ruppelt%20-%20The%20Report%20on%20Unidentified%20Flying%20Objects.pdf\">https://ia801304.us.archive.org/22/items/FritjofCapraTheTurningPoint/Edward%20J%20Ruppelt%20-%20The%20Report%20on%20Unidentified%20Flying%20Objects.pdf</a>&nbsp;</b><br></b></b></b>","<b><b><b><b><b><a href=\"https://ia801304.us.archive.org/22/items/FritjofCapraTheTurningPoint/Edward%20J%20Ruppelt%20-%20The%20Report%20on%20Unidentified%20Flying%20Objects.pdf\">https://ia801304.us.archive.org/22/items/FritjofCapraTheTurningPoint/Edward%20J%20Ruppelt%20-%20The%20Report%20on%20Unidentified%20Flying%20Objects.pdf</a></b><br></b></b></b></b>"],"style":"ordered"},"type":"list"}],"version":"2.24.3"},"body":"{\"time\":1665596464612,\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"W5yxpzIEgS\",\"type\":\"header\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Summary\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"DOpeA_9XwJ\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The emergence in 1947 of the Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union also heralded in the first wave of UAP sightings in America. Claims of strange lights and flying objects were so numerously reported that in 1948 Air Force General Nathan Twining, head of the Air Technical Service Command, established Project SIGN to collect, evaluate and distribute information relating to these sightings, and distribute within the government.\"}},{\"id\":\"CJvX_u57dI\",\"type\":\"SimpleImage\",\"data\":{\"url\":\"https://static.enigmalabs.io/library/fb960871-c58f-4a61-b972-da884aee4da7/58605765-5866-42db-8106-48d22fc45bc9.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"Cover page of Project Sign final report.\",\"withBorder\":false,\"withBackground\":false,\"stretched\":false}},{\"id\":\"--ZH3vRZIb\",\"type\":\"header\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"UAP hysteria\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"5WzNjaB-LG\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"In 1947, amateur pilot Kenneth Arnold was flying over Washington’s Cascades mountain range when he saw a “tremendously bright flash.” Then, another nine flashes in rapid succession appeared. Arnold described their strange manner of flight as \\\"like speed boats on rough water.\\\" News of Arnold’s sighting spread quickly, and the press latched on to Arnold's description, leading to the birth of the phrase \\\"flying saucer.\\\"¹\"}},{\"id\":\"ia73Nu2LvZ\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Arnold’s report is often credited as sparking a wave of UAP sightings over the following few months. However, according to the Project Blue Book files, the busiest month for sightings in 1947 was June.² Across the country, people were convinced they had seen UAPs.\"}},{\"id\":\"qLUdbtDiiF\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"On July 9, the Army Air Force began a low key investigation into Arnold’s sightings and the subsequent witness reports that followed. Although they released a formal conclusion to the public that the UAPs were simply a mirage, behind closed doors they concluded that the reports were not imaginary, and could not be explained by natural phenomena.\"}},{\"id\":\"FqGhdj9X2a\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"This led to the creation of Project SIGN – which was initially named Project SAUCER³ – in 1948.\"}},{\"id\":\"5pSYZ2XMDN\",\"type\":\"header\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Lieutenant Twining\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"rFXmUxbW6D\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Air Force Lieutenant General Nathan Farragut Twining, director of the Air Materiel Command (AMC), a department handling logistics for the US Air Force, led the project. The previous year, Lieutenant Twining had signed a letter which concluded that “flying discs” were “something real and not visionary or fictitious”. The letter had been written in response to an investigation into reports of UAPs, and had been led by Lieutenant George Garrett. Garrett was a commanding officer in the marines – although the investigation had originally been commissioned by Air Force Brigadier General George Schulgen, who worked in the Office of the Chief of the Army Air Force and wanted to get to the bottom of the numerous UAP reports.\"}},{\"id\":\"bdjnow8uCr\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Lt Garrett collected a number of UAP reports from across the US and organized them into a document. At the end of the briefing, the pair theorized that there were patterns in the various sightings that suggested the incidents were in fact real aircraft. In addition, they questioned whether the UAPs were secret technology invented by the US itself.\"}},{\"id\":\"gV_1YirYVn\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"This document, including its theories, was handed up the chain to Lt Garrett’s superior, Chief Collection Branch Colonel Robert Taylor III, who in his role as director of air intelligence, worked closely with the CIA. Col Taylor signed off on Lt Garrett’s inquiry and findings, then passed it to his superiors, where it came into the hands of Lieutenant Twining.&nbsp;\"}},{\"id\":\"Y7Fsc_iG0m\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"On September 23 of 1947 Ltg Twining signed a letter titled AMC Opinion Concerning ‘Flying Discs’, which provided the AMC’s official response to Lt Garrett’s research. The letter was addressed to Commanding General, Army Air Forces, and made to the attention of the man who kickstarted the inquiry: Brigadier General George Schulgen.\"}},{\"id\":\"cFyH5PV6Nw\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The letter read, in part:\"}},{\"id\":\"uePfqmIlNr\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"a. The phenomenon is something real and not visionary or fictitious.\"}},{\"id\":\"w3f77i2JKb\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"b. There are objects probably approximating the shape of a disc, of such appreciable size as to appear to be as large as man-made aircraft.\"}},{\"id\":\"3pRQkHZRvZ\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"c. There is a possibility that some of the incidents may be caused by natural phenomena, such as meteors.\"}},{\"id\":\"CluXaVny5z\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"d. The reported operating characteristics such as extreme rates of climb, maneuverability (particularly in roll), and motion which must be considered evasive when sighted or contacted by friendly aircraft and radar, lend belief to the possibility that some of the objects are controlled either manually, automatically or remotely.⁴\"}},{\"id\":\"BPt4COb9Gw\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"There has been speculation as to whether Lt Twining had thoroughly read the investigation on the UAP sightings and reports. The Skeptical Inquirer points out: “The language is very much like Garrett’s original inquiry letter, suggesting Twining and his team simply cut and pasted the sections showing agreement.”⁵\"}},{\"id\":\"APodvsajYJ\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The AMC included a recommendation in its official response, urging a “detailed study of this matter to include the preparation of complete sets of all available and pertinent data”, and so Project SIGN was born.\"}},{\"id\":\"6vbO7BDorm\",\"type\":\"SimpleImage\",\"data\":{\"url\":\"https://static.enigmalabs.io/library/fb960871-c58f-4a61-b972-da884aee4da7/69e47ccf-886f-481c-a5da-6d64f04f73d6.png\",\"caption\":\"Section of Twining Memo\",\"withBorder\":false,\"withBackground\":false,\"stretched\":false}},{\"id\":\"iLUTWDGA3j\",\"type\":\"header\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Project SIGN\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"WJWiboXf_q\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The Air Technical Intelligence Center (ATIC) of the Air Material Command (AMC) at Wright Field (later Wright-Patterson Air Force Base) in Dayton, Ohio, assumed control of Project SIGN and began its work on 23 January 1948.⁶ It was given a 2A priority, 1A being the highest an Air Force project could have, and only top officials at ATIC were assigned to the project.\"}},{\"id\":\"JOHRn1mKYC\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The project’s team evaluated 250 reported UFO sightings.⁷ But the results were inconclusive. The February 1949 report: “No definite and conclusive evidence is yet available that would prove or disprove the existence of these unidentified objects as real aircraft of unknown and unconventional configuration.”⁸\"}},{\"id\":\"cNmkIOq_Zz\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"On April 27, 1949, the U.S. Air Force released a paper to the public that had been prepared by the Intelligence Division of the Air Materiel Command at Wright-Patterson Field, Ohio.⁹ The paper stated while some UFOs appeared to represent actual aircraft, there was not enough data to determine their origin. Almost all cases were explained away by ordinary causes. However, the report did recommend a continuation of the investigation of all sightings.\"}},{\"id\":\"0TALkcm-qQ\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"According to Edward J Ruppelt, former head of Project Blue Book –&nbsp;a later iteration of Project SIGN – every intelligence report dealing with the Germans' World War II aeronautical research had been studied to find out if the Russians could have developed any of the late German designs into UAPs.¹⁰\"}},{\"id\":\"-ONE7OsMLF\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Aerodynamicists at ATIC and at Wright Field's Aircraft Laboratory computed the maximum performance that the German designs could reach, even contacting the designers of the aircraft themselves. The laboratory concluded there was no conceivable way any aircraft could perform in a way that would match the reported maneuvers of the UFOs.\"}},{\"id\":\"WKmW46Hwdb\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Even if the aircraft could be built, the human body couldn't stand the violent maneuvers and high speeds that had been reported.\"}},{\"id\":\"8pB3jqoCNI\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Project Sign was first brought to the public’s attention by retired Air Force captain Ruppelt, in his 1956 book ‘The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects’. He detailed that the project had produced a document titled “Estimate of the Situation”, which endorsed an explanation that there was evidence for UAPs being interplanetary. According to Ruppelt, Project SIGN was then shut down by General Hoyt Vanderburg, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, for lack of proof. ¹¹\"}},{\"id\":\"eSLhS-TO6H\",\"type\":\"header\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"CONCLUSION\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"sGchdCN6X1\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Following the closure of Project SIGN, Project Grudge was swiftly launched, after officials concluded that UAP reports could be exploited by a foreign power –&nbsp;for example, Russia – to induce panic in the population, and so the reports were therefore an issue of national security. Regardless of the findings of Project SIGN, it was the first time the US government had taken “flying saucers” seriously, and so it remains an important milestone in the UAP history books.\"}},{\"id\":\"q0B_-mqL2N\",\"type\":\"delimiter\",\"data\":{}},{\"id\":\"QuzCBfrAYf\",\"type\":\"list\",\"data\":{\"style\":\"ordered\",\"items\":[\"<b><a href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/the-man-who-introduced-the-world-to-flying-saucers/372732/\\\">https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/the-man-who-introduced-the-world-to-flying-saucers/372732/</a>&nbsp;</b>\",\"<b><b><a href=\\\"https://www.fold3.com/publication/461/project-blue-book-ufo-investigations/browse\\\">https://www.fold3.com/publication/461/project-blue-book-ufo-investigations/browse</a></b></b>\",\"<b><b><a href=\\\"https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA525986.pdf\\\">https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA525986.pdf</a></b></b>\",\"<b><b><a href=\\\"https://www.project1947.com/shg/condon/appndx-r.html\\\">https://www.project1947.com/shg/condon/appndx-r.html</a>;&nbsp;</b></b><b><a href=\\\"https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/ntis/CondonReport-Complete.pdf\\\">https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/ntis/CondonReport-Complete.pdf</a></b>\",\"<b>&nbsp;</b><b><a href=\\\"https://skepticalinquirer.org/2020/03/general-nathan-f-twining-and-the-flying-disc-problem-of-1947/\\\">https://skepticalinquirer.org/2020/03/general-nathan-f-twining-and-the-flying-disc-problem-of-1947/</a></b>\",\"<b><a href=\\\"https://sgp.fas.org/library/ciaufo.html\\\">https://sgp.fas.org/library/ciaufo.html</a>&nbsp;</b><br>\",\"<b><b><a href=\\\"http://www.nicap.org/articles/ShalettsArticle1.pdf\\\">http://www.nicap.org/articles/ShalettsArticle1.pdf</a>&nbsp;</b><br></b>\",\"<b><b><b><a href=\\\"https://www.archives.gov/news/articles/project-blue-book-50th-anniversary\\\">https://www.archives.gov/news/articles/project-blue-book-50th-anniversary</a></b><br></b></b>\",\"<b><b><b><a href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Sign#cite_note-:1-2\\\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Sign#cite_note-:1-2</a>&nbsp;</b><br></b></b>\",\"<b><b><b><b><a href=\\\"https://ia801304.us.archive.org/22/items/FritjofCapraTheTurningPoint/Edward%20J%20Ruppelt%20-%20The%20Report%20on%20Unidentified%20Flying%20Objects.pdf\\\">https://ia801304.us.archive.org/22/items/FritjofCapraTheTurningPoint/Edward%20J%20Ruppelt%20-%20The%20Report%20on%20Unidentified%20Flying%20Objects.pdf</a>&nbsp;</b><br></b></b></b>\",\"<b><b><b><b><b><a href=\\\"https://ia801304.us.archive.org/22/items/FritjofCapraTheTurningPoint/Edward%20J%20Ruppelt%20-%20The%20Report%20on%20Unidentified%20Flying%20Objects.pdf\\\">https://ia801304.us.archive.org/22/items/FritjofCapraTheTurningPoint/Edward%20J%20Ruppelt%20-%20The%20Report%20on%20Unidentified%20Flying%20Objects.pdf</a></b><br></b></b></b></b>\"]}}],\"version\":\"2.24.3\"}","id":"fb960871-c58f-4a61-b972-da884aee4da7","witness_count":null,"cover_photo":"https://static.enigmalabs.io/library/fb960871-c58f-4a61-b972-da884aee4da7/a3dfee3d-1b9b-4328-b052-7f1c0e52637e.png","created_at":"2022-07-08T16:41:57.225428+00:00","updated_at":"2023-05-02T20:01:01.381975+00:00","summary":"The emergence in 1947 of the Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union also heralded in the first wave of UAP sightings in America. Claims of strange lights and flying objects were so numerously reported that in 1948 Air Force General Nathan Twining, head of the Air Technical Service Command, established Project SIGN to collect, evaluate and distribute information relating to these sightings, and distribute within the government.","time_end":null,"title":"Project Sign","library_item_category":{"value":"GROUP"},"incident_unauthenticated":null}]}}